My Theory: Birth of Modern India and Pakistan

Sare Jahan Se Acha Hindustan Humara
Hum Bulbulain Hain Iss Ki, Ye Gulistan Humara
The best land in the world is our India;
We are its nightingales; this is our garden.

Gharbat Mein Hon Agar Hum, Rehta Hai Dil Watan Mein
Samjho Waheen Humain Bhi, Dil Ho Jahan Humara
If we are in exile, our heart resides in our homeland.
Understand that we are also where our heart is.

Parbat Woh Sub Se Uncha, Humsaya Asman Ka
Woh Santri Humara, Woh Pasban Humara
That is the highest mountain, the neighbor of the sky;
It is our sentry; it is our watchman.

Godi Mein Khailti Hain Iss Ki Hazaron Nadiyan
Gulshan Hai Jin Ke Dam Se Rashak-e-Jinaan Humara
In its lap play thousands of streams,
And the gardens that flourish because of them are the envy of Paradise.

Ae Aab-e-Rood-e-Ganga! Woh Din Hain Yaad Tujh Ko?
Utra Tere Kinare Jab Karwan Humara
Oh, waters of the river Ganges! Do you remember those days?
Those days when our caravan halted on your bank?

Mazhab Nahin Sikhata Apas Mein Bair Rakhna
Hindi Hain Hum, Watan Hai Hindustan Humara
Religion does not teach us to be enemies with each other:
We are Indians, our homeland is our India.

Yunan-o-Misar-o-Roma Sab Mit Gye Jahan Se
Ab Tak Magar Hai Baqi Naam-o-Nishan Humara
Greece, Egypt and Byzantium have all been erased from the world.
But our fame and banner still remain.

Kuch Baat Hai Ke Hasti Mitti Nahin Humari
Sadiyon Raha Hai Dushman Dour-e-Zaman Humara
It is something to be proud of that our existence is never erased,
Though the passing of time for centuries has always been our enemy.

Iqbal! Koi Mehram Apna Nahin Jahan Mein
Maloom Kya Kisi Ko Dard-e-Nihan Humara
Iqbal! No‐one in this world has ever known your secret.
Does anyone know the pain I feel inside me? 
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This is a very famous poem written by Iqbal in 1904 and one of the key person who came up with an idea of two nation theory to create a separate state for Muslims carved out of India.
One can observe, this is a poem that glorifies India (Hindustan), there is no mention of Pakistan or Islam in it.

Emphasis more on 6th stanza of the poem,
Mazhab Nahin Sikhata Apas Mein Bair Rakhna
Hindi Hain Hum, Watan Hai Hindustan Humara
Religion does not teach us to be enemies with each other:
We are Indians, our homeland is our India.

Later on in his life around 1910 Iqbal has written another poem in which he has written,
Cin-o-Arab hamara, Hindustan hamara
Muslim hain hum, watan hai sara jahan hamara
Central Asia and Arabia are ours; Hindustan is ours;
We are Muslims; The whole world is our homeland.

Later on in his address to Muslim league annual conference in Allahabad in 1930, he proposed a separate nation state in Muslim majority areas of Indian subcontinent. This very idea created a separate nation called Pakistan out of India (Hindustan).

So these are well know facts, no theories here.
But what i like to talk about is what changed Iqbal from Secular moderate Indian Muslim to Orthodox Muslim? Which eventually led to creation of two separate nations India and Pakistan.

I have a theory or view or opinion to answer this question. How true my theory is, i don't know. As only Iqbal can answer it and he is no more. So if your views doesn't match with mine please bear with me and don't take it personally.

Now, to answer this we have to go back couple of hundred years back in history. Lets start from Muslim Invasion of India. At first Arab Muslims(Muhammad-Bin-Qasim) started invasion and then later on Muhammad of Ghazni, Ghori, Lodi, Khilji and lastly Mughal. Some looted and went back, some stayed here and ruled until they were overpowered by rising Maratha and Sikh army's and later on all were conquered by British.

So if we go by history, Muslims particularly Mughals rules most of the India for no less then 300-400 years. Now lets jump forward toward end of British era in India. Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and others, all were fighting for India's freedom marching shoulder to shoulder together. By 1930 it became evident that India will get freedom sooner or later.
Now at this point of time, few elite Muslims became cautious. They started thinking what after India becomes free? There are states but no dynasties anymore so there will be no dynastical rule in India. World was changing rapidly. America was already successful democracy. Britain and most of the countries are going towards democracy. So obviously free India will be democracy for sure. And in democracy people decides who will rule. And as majority of India are Hindus, they will definitely elect Hindu representatives. Muslim vote share was insignificant at that time and they will not get representation at national level.

So elite Muslims feared. They feared that once the India becomes free, Indian Hindu majority will definitely vote for Hindu representative and they will form Hindu Government. And Muslims also thought about the atrocities their ancestors committed against the Hindus. So the elected Hindu government will not be in favor of Muslims. And there is possibility, like in France and Russia, that Hindus will take revenge against Muslims.

Elite Muslims knew that Muslims no longer has the military muscles with what they have conquered the India and this long freedom struggle has united India like never before that even with Military power they will not be able to overpower India this time. So elite Muslims like Iqbal and Jinnah came up with this idea of separate state in Muslim majority areas within India. So that they can protect minority Muslims from Hindu majority. And thus we have two separate nations carved out of united India, one as India and other as Pakistan.